Table of Universal Design Principles




NO


Principle


Brief Explanation


Guidelines

1

Equitable Use

The design is useful and marketable to people with diverse abilities
  •  Provide the same means of use for all users: identical whenever possible; equivalent when not.
  •  Avoid segregating or stigmatizing any users.
  •  Provisions for privacy, security, and safety should be equally available to all users.
  •  Make the design appealing to all users.


2

Flexibility in Use

The design accommodates a wide range of individual preferences and
abilities
  • Provide choice in methods of use.
  • Accommodate right- or left-handed access and use.
  • Facilitate the user's accuracy and precision.
  • Provide adaptability to the user's pace.


3


Simple and intuitive


Use of the design is easy to understand, regardless of the user's
experience, knowledge, language skills, or current concentration level


  • Eliminateunnecessary complexity.
  • Be  consistent with user expectations and intuition.
  • Accommodate a wide range of literacy and language skills.
  • Arrange information consistent with its importance.
  • Provide effective prompting and feedback during and after task completion.


4


Perceptible Information


The design communicates necessary information effectively to the user,
regardless of ambient conditions or the user's sensory abilities.

  • Use different modes (pictorial, verbal, tactile) for redundant presentation of essential information.
  • Provide adequate contrast between essential information and its surroundings.
  • Maximize "legibility" of essential information.
  • Differentiate elements in ways that can be described (i.e., make it easy to give instructions or directions).
  • Provide compatibility with a variety of techniques or devices used by people with sensory limitations.


5


Tolerance for Error


The design minimizes hazards and the adverse consequences of accidental or unintended actions


  • Arrange elements to minimize hazards and errors: most used elements, most accessible; hazardous elements eliminated, isolated, or shielded.
  • Provide warnings of hazards and errors.
  • Provide fail safe features.
  • Discourage unconscious action in tasks that require vigilance.


6


Low Physical Effort


The
design can be used efficiently and comfortably and with a minimum of
fatigue.


  • Allow user to maintain a neutral body position.
  • Use reasonable operating forces.
  • Minimize repetitive actions.
  • Minimize sustained physical effort


7


Size and Space for Approach and Use



Appropriate size and space is provided for approach, reach,
manipulation, and use regardless of user's body size, posture, or
mobility.


  • Provide a clear line of sight to important elements for any seated or standing user.
  • Make reach to all components comfortable for any seated or standing user.
  • Accommodate variations in hand and grip size.
  • Provide adequate space for the use of assistive devices or personal assistance.





Story, M. F., Mueller, J. L., & Mace, R. L. (1998). The Universal Design File: Designing for People of All Ages and Abilities. Revised Edition (055) Guides: Non-Classroom; 141 Reports: Descriptive): National Inst. on Disability and Rehabilitation Research (ED/OSERS), Washington, DC.
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